Apartheid is a system of oppression and domination of one ethnic group by another. This oppression is institutionalised by the means of discriminatory laws, policies and practices. It is a crime against humanity, as defined in several international legal texts. Three main criteria need to established, in order to describe a system as being apartheid: a system of oppression and domination of one ethnic group by another; one or more inhumane actions, such as the enforced transfer of populations, tortures or murders; the intention to maintain the domination of one ethnic group by another. While the word “apartheid” brings to mind the political regime in South Africa from 1948 to 1991 (it means “separation” in Afrikaans, the language of South-African colonists, derived from Dutch), the NGO Amnesty International considers that it remains a reality for millions of people throughout the world.